Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertisement

Abstract

The TTPA model is a data model that provides a minimum set of classes and properties for the European repository for online political advertisements.

Terminology

This model uses the following prefixes to shorten the URIs for readability.

Prefix	Namespace IRI
`adms`	`http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#`
`cv`	`http://data.europa.eu/m8g/`
`dct`	`http://purl.org/dc/terms/`
`dpv`	`https://w3id.org/dpv#`
`epo`	`http://data.europa.eu/a4g/ontology#`
`ex`	`http://example.com/`
`foaf`	`http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/`
`frapo`	`http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/`
`legal`	`http://www.w3.org/ns/legal#`
`locn`	`http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#`
`person`	`http://www.w3.org/ns/person#`
`rdf`	`http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#`
`rdfs`	`http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#`
`skos`	`http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#`
`time`	`http://www.w3.org/2006/time#`
`ttpa`	`http://example.org/`
`xsd`	`http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#`

Main Entities

The main entities are those that form the core of the model. The properties and their associated constraints that apply in the context of this model are listed in a tabular form. Each row corresponds to one property.

As this is the toplevel model for this usage context the reuse of the terms is indicated by their URIs. If an URI is used from another model than this namespace it means that the information is inherited as expressed in the data model in which that URI is defined.

Funding

Definition: An amount of money available to finance some project or activity.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
Usage Note: Use this class to represent the financial structure supporting a political advertisement or campaign, including direct and indirect funding sources.
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: calculation methodology , has paying entity , has political advertisement , origin , source , total amount , type .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
calculation methodology	Text	0..*	The method or approach used to calculate the amount or allocation of funding.	Describe the methodology used to calculate the aggregated amounts and value of other benefits received by the providers of political advertising services, including whether the figures reflect invoiced, budgeted, and/or charged amounts and whether VAT is included. For in-kind benefits, indicate the valuation method used.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has paying entity	Agent	0..*	The entity that paid for the political advertisement.	Links the Transparency Notice to the natural or legal person that provided remuneration in exchange for the political advertisement, if different from the sponsor or the entity ultimately controlling the sponsor.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has political advertisement	Political Advertisement	0..*	A paid communication intended to influence the outcome of an election or referendum, or to support or oppose a political party or candidate.		Reg. 2024/900, Art. 11 , Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
origin	Code	0..*	Indicates whether the origin of the funding is from the EU, from outside the EU.	Use a controlled vocabulary with values "EU", "Non-EU", or "EU and non-EU". If possible, align with official EU country groupings.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
source	Code	0..*	The source of the funding (e.g., public, private, mixed).	Use a controlled vocabulary with values "Public", "Private", or "Public and private".	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
total amount	Monetary Value	0..1	The total monetary amount of the funding.		Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
type	Code	0..1	A classification of the Funding.	Indicate either "political advertisement" or "political campaign".	No references available.

Political Advertisement

Definition: An advertisement with a political subject matter, including information about its content, format, language, publication dates, and links to legislative processes or votes.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 11 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_I]
Usage Note: Use this class to represent a political advertisement, including its content, format, language, publication period, and any links to related elections or legislative processes.
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: date created , description , has beginning , has election , has end , has initiative , has previous version , has sponsor , has technique , homepage , identifier , intended end publication date , intended start publication date , is funded by , language , logo , modified , non-compliance mechanism information , other identifier , status , subject , title , type .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
date created	Date	0..1	Date of creation of the resource.	Provide the date the advertisement was created.
description	Text	1..*	An account of the resource.	Provide a summary or account of the advertisement content, format, and context.
has beginning	Date	0..1	The start of the period.	Provide the date when the advertisement publication or dissemination starts.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has election	Election Event	0..*	The election related to the event	Links the political advertisement to an election event with which it has a clear and substantial link. The title, level, and date of the election must be disclosed in the transparency notice.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has end	Date	0..1	The end of the period.	Provide the date when the advertisement publication or dissemination ends.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has initiative	Initiative	0..*	The initiative related to the advertisement.	Links the political advertisement to a legislative or regulatory initiative with which it has a clear and substantial link. The title and level of the initiative must be disclosed in the transparency notice.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has previous version	Political Advertisement	0..*	A reference to a previous version of the same resource that was suspended or discontinued due to a regulatory or legal infringement.	Links to a previous version of the political advertisement that was suspended or discontinued due to a regulatory or legal infringement.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has sponsor	Agent	0..*	The entity that provides financial or other support for the political advertisement.	Links the Transparency Notice to the sponsor of the political advertisement. The identity of the sponsor, including name, email, postal address (where made public), and place of establishment must be disclosed.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 11 , Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has technique	Technique	0..*	Information about the techniques used for the political advertisement.	Links the Transparency Notice to the targeting and ad-delivery information. Must be populated when the political advertisement uses targeting or ad-delivery techniques based on personal data.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
homepage	Document	0..*	The website of the Political Advertisement.	Provide the URL of the official website or landing page for the political advertisement.
identifier	Literal	0..*	An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.	Provide a persistent, unique identifier for the political advertisement (e.g., UUID, URI, or registration number).	Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_III]
intended end publication date	Date	0..1	The planned date for the end of publication of the political advertisement.	Provide the planned end date for publication or dissemination.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
intended start publication date	Date	0..1	The planned date for the start of publication of the political advertisement.	Provide the planned start date for publication or dissemination.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
is funded by	Funding	0..*	An amount of money to finance the Political Advertisement.		Reg. 2024/900, Art. 11 , Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
language	Code	1..*	A language of the resource.	Provide the language of the political advertisement using a controlled vocabulary. The transparency notice must be written in the same language as the political advertisement.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12
logo	Image Object	0..*	A graphic symbol to represent the Political Advertisement.	Provide an image of the political advertisement. The logo should be used to visually identify the political advertisement.
modified	Date	0..*	Date on which the resource was changed.	Record the date of the most recent update to the political advertisement.
non-compliance mechanism information	Text	0..*	Information about the mechanism for addressing previous non-compliance.	Provide details of the previous suspension or discontinuation if previousNonComplianceExists is true, describing the nature of the infringement.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
other identifier	Identifier	0..*	A secondary identifier of the Political Advertisement.	Provide any additional identifiers assigned by publishers or platforms (e.g., platform-specific ad ID, publisher registration number). Include metadata about the organisation that published the identifier.	Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_III]
status	Code	0..*	Indicates the compliance status of the political advertisement, including whether it has a history of previous non-compliance.	Record the compliance status of the political advertisement. If the advertisement or an earlier version has been suspended or discontinued due to an infringement, indicate this here.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
subject	Code	0..*	A topic of the resource.	Provide a topic or keyword describing the subject matter of the political advertisement.
title	Text	1..*	A name given to the resource.	Provide the official or commonly used title of the political advertisement. If the advertisement is linked to an election or initiative, the title may reference the relevant event or process.
type	Code	0..*	The nature or genre of the resource.	Specify the format or medium of the political advertisement (e.g. video, audio, display, print, online). This determines which labelling format requirements apply.	Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_I]

Technique

Definition: A generic method or process used to determine how, when, and in what context a political advertisement is delivered to its intended audience.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 11 , Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_I] , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II] , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_III]
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: audience , consent notice , has beginning , has controlling entity , has end , has engagement , has personal data , has policy , link to GDPR Information , other relevant information , user rights support URL .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
audience	Text	0..*	A class of agents for whom the resource is intended or useful.	Specify the actual values and parameters used to define the targeted audience (e.g. "age: 23-30"; "location: post code 1234"). Do not use generic terms, provide concrete inclusion/exclusion criteria.	,
consent notice	anyURI	0..*	A Notice for information provision associated with Consent.	Provide a URL or reference to the notice informing users about consent for personal data processing in the context of targeting or ad delivery.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 18
has beginning	Date	1	The start of the period.	Indicate the first date on which the targeted advertisement was disseminated or visible to users.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has controlling entity	Agent	1..*	The natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data in the context of a targeted activity or service.	Links the targeting record to the data controller responsible for processing personal data for targeting or ad-delivery purposes. The identity and contact details of the controller must be disclosed in the transparency notice.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has end	Date	1	The end of the period.	Indicate the last date on which the targeted advertisement was disseminated or visible to users.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has engagement	Engagement	0..*	Statistics resulting of user engagement.		Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has personal data	Code	0..*	Indicates association with Personal Data.	Specify the categories of personal data processed (e.g. demographic data, browsing behaviour, inferred political affiliation).	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has policy	anyURI	0..*	Indicates policy applicable or used.	Provide a link to the internal policy describing how targeting and ad-delivery techniques are used.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
link to GDPR Information	anyURI	0..*	A URL linking to information provided pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation), including privacy notices, data subject rights, and relevant data protection policies.		Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II] ,
other relevant information	Text	0..*	Any other information relevant to the targeting of the advertisement.	Include any additional information relevant to the targeting or ad-delivery process not covered by other attributes.
user rights support URL	anyURI	0..*	Link to an interface allowing the exercise of data protection rights, such as submitting requests for access, rectification, erasure, or other rights under the applicable data protection legal framework.	Provide a URL where users can exercise their data protection rights, such as withdrawing consent or requesting data access.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Transparency Notice

Definition: A record providing information about a political advertisement, its funding, sponsors, targeting, and related entities, to ensure transparency and compliance with legal requirements.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 11 , Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II] , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_III]
Usage Note: Use this class as the root element for transparency disclosures related to a political advertisement.
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: format , has funding , identifier , language , modified , notification mechanism , retention deadline , see also , title .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
format	Code	0..*	The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.	Indicate the machine-readable format of the transparency notice (e.g. JSON, XML).	Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_III]
has funding	Funding	0..*	Information about the financial resources used for the political advertisement or campaign.	Links the Transparency Notice to the funding information for the political advertisement and, where applicable, the political advertising campaign. Aggregated amounts, values of in-kind benefits, their public/private and EU/non-EU origin, and the calculation methodology must be provided.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
identifier	Literal	0..*	An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.	Provide a persistent, unique identifier for the transparency notice (e.g., UUID, URI, or registration number).	Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_III]
language	Code	0..*	A language of the resource.	The language in which the transparency notice is written. Must match the language of the political advertisement.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12
modified	Date	0..*	Date on which the resource was changed.	Record the date of the most recent update to the transparency notice. The notice must be kept up-to-date during the entire period of publication of the political advertisement.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12
notification mechanism	anyURI	0..*	Information on the mechanism for notifying possibly non-compliant political advertisements, as required by Article 15(1) of Regulation (EU) 2024/900. This may be a URL to an online notification form, an email address, or a description of the notification process.	Provide a URL, email address, or other contact method where individuals can notify the publisher or competent authority about possibly non-compliant political advertisements. If the notification mechanism is online, the link should be described as Notify possibly non-compliant political advertisements.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Reg. 2024/900 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
retention deadline	Date	0..*	The date after which a resource or record is no longer required to be retained.	Indicates the final date by which the transparency notice and any modifications must be retained. The retention period is seven years after the last publication of the related political advertisement. Calculate as: date of last publication + 7 years.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12
see also	anyURI	0..*	Further information about the subject resource.	A URL where the transparency notice can be accessed or retrieved. Provide a dereferenceable URL ensuring easy retrieval during the publication period.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
title	Text	0..*	A name given to the resource.	Provide a concise, descriptive title for the transparency notice.

Supporting Entities

Supporting entities complement the main entities in the model. The scope and objectives of the model are fully covered by the main entities; supporting entities serve as property ranges or as subclasses used in specific use cases.

Ad Delivery Technique

Definition: A method or process used to determine how, when, and in what context a political advertisement is delivered to its intended audience, including the use of algorithms, AI systems, or other automated means. Ad-delivery techniques are optimisation techniques used to increase the circulation, reach or visibility of a political advertisement on the basis of the automated processing of personal data.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
Usage Note: Ad delivery techniques influence the placement, timing, and frequency of advertisements, often using optimisation algorithms or AI to maximise engagement or reach.
Subclass of
: Technique
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: use ad delivery techniques , use of AI systems .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
use ad delivery techniques	Text	0..*	A description of the ad delivery technique(s) used to determine how, when, and in what context the political advertisement is delivered to its intended audience, including any optimisation, algorithmic, or automated methods.	Provide a short description of the ad delivery technique(s) used, including any use of algorithms, artificial intelligence, or automated systems to optimise the circulation, reach, or visibility of the advertisement. If multiple techniques are used, list each and describe its role.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
use of AI systems	Text	0..*	Indicates whether an artificial intelligence system was used in the targeting or delivery of a resource to an audience, including a description of its role and functioning.	Indicate whether artificial intelligence systems were used in the targeting or ad-delivery of the political advertisement. Include a meaningful description of the AI system and its role.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Address

Definition: A spatial object that in a human-readable way identifies a fixed location.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
Usage Note: Use this class to represent a structured postal or establishment address associated with a sponsor, paying entity, or controlling entity in a transparency notice. Address information must include at minimum the street, number, city, postal code and country.
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: address ID , administrative unit level 1 , administrative unit level 2 , full address , locator name , post code , post name , thoroughfare .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
address ID	Literal	0..*	A globally unique identifier for each instance of an Address.	A globally unique identifier for each instance of an address. Use this property where a persistent, machine-readable identifier for the address is available.
administrative unit level 1	Text	1..*	The name of the uppermost level of the address, almost always a country.	Provide the country of the address using a controlled vocabulary.	Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
administrative unit level 2	Text	0..*	The name of a secondary level/region of the address, usually a county, state or other such area that typically encompasses several localities.	Provide the city or municipality of the address.	Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
full address	Text	0..*	The complete address written as a string.	Provide the complete, human-readable address as a single text string, including all relevant address components (e.g. street, number, postal code, city, country).	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
locator name	Text	0..*	Proper noun(s) applied to the real world entity identified by the locator. The locator name could be the name of the property or complex, of the building or part of the building, or it could be the name of a room inside a building.	The locator name could be the name of the property or complex, of the building or part of the building, or it could be the name of a room inside a building.
post code	Literal	0..*	The code created and maintained for postal purposes to identify a subdivision of addresses and postal delivery points.	Post codes are common elements in many countries' postal address systems.	Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
post name	Text	0..*	A name created and maintained for postal purposes to identify a subdivision of addresses and postal delivery points.	Usually a city, for example "Paris".	Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
thoroughfare	Text	0..*	The name of a passage or way through from one location to another.	A thoroughfare is usually a street, but it might be a waterway or some other feature. For example, "Avenue des Champs-Élysées".	Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Agent

Definition: Entity that is able to carry out action.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12
Usage Note: Use this class to represent any natural or legal person acting as a sponsor, paying entity, or controlling entity in the context of political advertising. It is the common superclass of Person and LegalEntity.
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: address , has email , identifier , is controlled by , registered address , type .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
address	Address	0..*	An "address representation" as conceptually defined by the INSPIRE Address Representation data type. The locn:addressId property may be used to link this locn:Address to other representations.	Links an Agent to its postal address. For natural persons, only provide if the address has been made public. For organisations, use as the main correspondence address.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has email	Literal	1..*	An electronic address through which the Contact Point can be contacted.	Provide the contact details of the sponsor.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
identifier	Identifier	0..*	The unambiguous reference to the Agent.
is controlled by	Agent	0..*	Indicates that the Agent (subject) is under the decisive influence or control of another Agent (object), such as a legal entity or natural person.	Use this relation to specify the entity ultimately controlling the sponsor, payer, or any other relevant Agent in the context of political advertising. Control should be documented where another entity exercises decisive influence on the composition, voting, or decisions of the organs of the controlled Agent, as required by Regulation (EU) 2024/900 and its implementing act.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
registered address	Address	0..*	The registered address relationship links a Resource with the legally registered Address.	Links an Agent to its legally registered address, i.e. the address of its place of establishment. Use for organisations to record their official registered location.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
type	Code	0..*	A classification assigned to an Agent.	Indicate whether the agent is a natural person or a legal entity. This determines which identity fields are required.

Election Event

Definition: An event in which eligible participants formally express a choice or decision to elect representatives or decide on public matters, typically through voting.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
Usage Note: Use this class to describe an election or referendum to which a political advertisement has a clear and substantial link. The title, level, and date of the event must be disclosed in the transparency notice. The level must be indicated as EU, national, regional, or local.
Subclass of
: Public Event
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: administrative unit level 2 , country , political level .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
administrative unit level 2	Code	0..*	The region of the address, usually a county, state or other such area that typically encompasses several localities. The domain of locn:adminUnitL2 is locn:Address and the range is a literal, conceptually defined by the INSPIRE Geographical Name data type.	Provide the official name of the subnational administrative unit (e.g., region, province, state) as defined by national or regional standards where the initiative is taking place.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
country	Code	0..*	The uppermost administrative unit for the address, almost always a country. The domain of locn:adminUnitL1 is locn:Address and the range is a literal, conceptually defined by the INSPIRE Geographical Name data type.	Indicate the country where the vote is taking place, using the official name or code.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
political level	Code	0..*	The political or administrative level at which the initiative is undertaken.	Specify the political or administrative level at which the election is conducted (e.g. EU, national, regional, local)	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Engagement

Definition: A collection of statistics collected as result of user engagement.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: engagement metric , number of comments , number of likes , number of views .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
engagement metric	Integer	0..1	A combined metric that can be used to measure engagement.	it can combine for example number of comments, with likes and views or other metrics.	No references available.
number of comments	Integer	0..1	The total number of user comments submitted in response to the resource during its dissemination period.	State the total number of user comments on the advertisement during the dissemination period.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
number of likes	Integer	0..1	The total number of times users have indicated a positive reaction (such as "like" or equivalent) to the resource during its dissemination period.	State the total number of user "likes" or equivalent positive reactions to the advertisement during the dissemination period.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
number of views	Integer	0..1	The number of times the resource was viewed.	State the total number of times the advertisement was displayed to users during the dissemination period. Provide where technically feasible.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Identifier

Definition: A structured reference that identifies an entity.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: notation .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
notation	Literal	0..*	A string of characters to uniquely identify a concept.	Provide the official registration number of the legal entity as assigned by the relevant national or EU authority (e.g., company register, electoral register, or interest representation register). Use the format and value as issued by the authority.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Image Object

Definition: A logo to describe / represent an entity.
Reference
Properties: This model does not impose any additional requirements to properties for this entity.

Initiative

Definition: A project, program, or organised effort undertaken to achieve specific objectives, often in a political, legislative, or public context.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
Usage Note: Use this class to describe a legislative or regulatory initiative to which a political advertisement has a clear and substantial link. The title and level of the initiative must be disclosed in the transparency notice. The title may be shortened.
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: administrative unit level 2 , country , other level , political level , title , type .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
administrative unit level 2	Code	0..*	The region of the address, usually a county, state or other such area that typically encompasses several localities. The domain of locn:adminUnitL2 is locn:Address and the range is a literal, conceptually defined by the INSPIRE Geographical Name data type.	Provide the official name of the subnational administrative unit (e.g., region, province, state) as defined by national or regional standards where the initiative is taking place.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
country	Code	0..*	The uppermost administrative unit for the address, almost always a country. The domain of locn:adminUnitL1 is locn:Address and the range is a literal, conceptually defined by the INSPIRE Geographical Name data type.	Indicate the country where the initiative is taking place, using the official name or code.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
other level	String	0..*	A description of the political or administrative level if not covered by the controlled vocabulary.	If the initiatives level does not fit standard categories.
political level	Code	0..*	The political or administrative level at which the initiative is undertaken.	Specify the political or administrative level at which the initiative is being undertaken.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
title	Text	0..*	A name given to the resource.	Provide the official or commonly used title of the Initiative.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
type	Code	0..*	The nature or genre of the resource.	Specify the type of initiative (e.g. legislative, regulatory).	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Legal Entity

Definition: A self-employed person, company, or organization that has legal rights and obligations.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
Usage Note: Use this class to represent any legal entity involved in the context of a political advertisement, including the sponsor, the paying entity, or the entity ultimately controlling the sponsor. Required identity fields include business name, legal name, email address, place of establishment, and, where applicable, registration number.
Subclass of
: Agent
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: alternative name , legal name .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
alternative name	Literal	0..*	An alternative name for the resource.	Provide the business name or any alternative or commonly used name for the legal entity, if different from its legal name.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
legal name	Text	0..*	The name under which the Legal Entity is legally registered.	Provide the name under which the legal entity is legally registered. Where the entity operates in more than one official language, provide the legal name in each relevant language where the encoding allows.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Monetary Value

Definition: A number of monetary units specified using a given unit of currency.
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: has amount value , has currency .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
has amount value	Decimal	0..1	The numeric value of the amount, including decimals.	State the total monetary amount received or spent for the political advertising campaign, expressed in the specified currency.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
has currency	Code	0..1	The identifier of the currency as in the standard code list used.	The recommended control vocabulary is the Currency list from Publications Office.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Person

Definition: An individual human being who may be dead or alive, but not imaginary.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
Usage Note: Use this class to represent a natural person acting as a sponsor, paying entity, or controlling individual in the context of a political advertisement. Required identity fields include given name, family name, email address, and, where made public, postal address.
Subclass of
: Agent
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: family name , given name .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
family name	Text	0..*	The hereditary surname of a family.	Provide the hereditary surname of the natural person.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
given name	Text	0..*	The name(s) that identify the Person within a family with a common surname.	Provide the given name(s) of the natural person.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Public Event

Definition: Something that happens at a particular place and time, organised by one or more agents for a particular purpose, and is of interest to a general audience. This definition excludes natural events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12
Usage Note: Use this class as the common superclass for ElectionEvent. It represents an event that happens at a particular place and time and is of interest to a general audience. In the political advertising context, use it to describe elections or referendums to which a political advertisement may be linked.
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: event type , has time , homepage , title .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
event type	Code	0..*	The nature or genre of the Public Event.	Specify the type of public event using a controlled vocabulary. Specify if the Public Event is an election of a referendum.
has time	Temporal Entity	0..*	The association of a temporal entity (instant or interval) to any thing.	Provide the date or date range of the public event. For elections and referendums, this corresponds to the official date(s) of the vote.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
homepage	Document	0..*	The website of the Public Event.	Provide the URL of the official website where information on the modalities for participation in the election or referendum can be found.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
title	Text	0..*	A name given to the resource.	Provide the official name of the public event. For elections and referendums, the title may be indicated by reference to the category of authorities being elected (e.g. 'parliamentary elections') or to a specific type (e.g. 'constitutional referendum').	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Targeting Technique

Definition: The set of criteria, characteristics, or parameters used to define the intended audience or recipients of a political advertisement.
Reference: Reg. 2024/900, Art. 11 , Reg. 2024/900, Art. 12 , Reg. 2024/900, Art. 18 , Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
Usage Note: Targeting techniques determine who will see a political advertisement, for example, by using demographic, geographic, or behavioural data.
Subclass of
: Technique
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: targeting goals , targeting parameters , use targeting techniques .

Property	Range	Card	Definition	Usage	REF
targeting goals	Text	0..*	The objectives or goals of the targeting strategy.	Describe the objectives of the targeting strategy, including the inclusion and exclusion parameters and the reasons for choosing those parameters.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
targeting parameters	Code	0..*	The parameters or criteria used to target the advertisement.	List the specific parameters or criteria used to determine the recipients to whom the advertisement is disseminated (e.g. age range, location, interests).	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]
use targeting techniques	Text	0..*	A description of the targeting technique(s) used to select or define the intended audience for the political advertisement, including the logic, mechanisms, and parameters applied.	Provide a short description of the targeting technique(s) used, including the inclusion and exclusion parameters, the logic for audience selection, and the reasons for choosing those parameters. If multiple techniques are used, list each and describe its role.	Reg. 2024/900, Art. 19 , Impl. Reg. 2025/1410 [anx_II]

Class	Definition
anyURI	anyURI represents an Internationalized Resource Identifier Reference (IRI). An anyURI value can be absolute or relative, and may have an optional fragment identifier (i.e.,it may be an IRI Reference).
boolean	The boolean datatype represents the logical values true and false.
Code	An idea or notion; a unit of thought.
Date	Date represents top-open intervals of exactly one day in length on the timelines of dateTime, beginning on the beginning moment of each day, up to but not including the beginning moment of the next day). For non-timezoned values, the top-open intervals disjointly cover the non-timezoned timeline, one per day. For timezoned values, the intervals begin at every minute and therefore overlap.
Decimal	Decimal represents a subset of the real numbers, which can be represented by decimal numerals.
Document	A document.
Instant	A temporal entity with zero extent or duration
Integer	Integer is ·derived· from decimal by fixing the value of ·fractionDigits· to be 0 and disallowing the trailing decimal point. This results in the standard mathematical concept of the integer numbers. The ·value space· of integer is the infinite set {...,-2,-1,0,1,2,...}. The ·base type· of integer is decimal.
Literal	The class of literal values, e.g. textual strings and integers.
String	The string datatype represents character strings in XML.
Temporal Entity	A temporal interval or instant.
Text	The text data type is a combination of a string and a language identifier.

Usage Guidelines

Support for implementation

The following section provides support for implementing the Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertisement.

JSON-LD context file

One common technical question is the format in which the data is being exchanged. For conformance with the Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertisement, it is not mandatory that this happens in an RDF serialisation, but the exchanged format SHOULD be unambiguously transformable into RDF. For the format JSON, a popular format to exchange data between systems, SEMIC provides a JSON-LD context file. JSON-LD is a W3C Recommendation [[[json-ld11]]] that provided a standard approach to interpret JSON structures as RDF. The provided JSON-LD context file can be used by implementers. This JSON-LD context is not normative, i.e. other JSON-LD contexts are allowed.

The JSON-LD context file is downloadable here.

Validation

To verify if the data is (technically) conformant to the Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertisement, the exchanged data can be validated using the provided SHACL shapes. SHACL is a W3C Recommendation to express constraints on an RDF knowledge graph.

To support the check whether or not a catalogue satisfies the expressed constraints in this Core Vocabulary, the constraints in this specification are expressed using SHACL [[shacl]]. Each constraint in this specification that could be converted into a SHACL expression has been included. As such this collection of SHACL expressions that can be used to build a validation check for data.

It is up to the implementers to define the validation they expect. Each implementation happens within a context, and that context is beyond the SHACL expressions here.

The shapes can be found here.

RDF representation

The RDF representation of the Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertisement is available here.

UML representation

The UML representation from which the Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertisement has been build is available here.

Governance

Versioning governance

All specifications produced in SEMIC will follow the versioning rule described by the SEMIC Style Guide rule PC-R3. In case a SEMIC asset is deprecated the asset will remain available through its PURI.

The serialisation will have:

a dct:isReplacedBy referencing the new assets used instead and
an adms:status indicating its deprecated status.

Governance requirements for re-used assets

In order to adhere to the SEMIC Style Guide rule GC-R2 a specification should have quality and governance standards for the assets that are being reused.

In order for an asset to be considered for reuse within a SEMIC specification it can be requested by a community member or it requires to adhere to the following requirements:

The asset is part of a recommendation by a major standards body or an EU institution.
The asset is actively being maintained.

After being taken into consideration the asset will be validated in three steps:

Syntax validation will be performed on the relevant artefacts.
Constraint validation will be performed on the relevant artefacts.
The PURI will be validated.

Once considered and validated an asset can be adopted if it is approved by the community.

Lexicalisation rules

In order to adhere to the SEMIC Style Guide rule SC-R3 a specification requires formal lexicalisation rules. The Style Guide proposes two options either by using RDFS or SKOS lexicalisation.

SEMIC uses and will use the RDFS lexicalisation for all of its specifications. More specifically:

rdfs:label is used to provide a human-readable version of a resource's name.
The usage of certain resource can be clarified in a skos:usageNote.

Quick Reference of Classes and Properties

This section provides a condensed tabular overview of the mentioned classes and properties in this model. The properties are grouped under headings mandatory, recommended, optional and deprecated. These terms have the following meaning.

Mandatory property: a receiver MUST be able to process the information for that property; a sender MUST provide the information for that property.
Recommended property: a receiver MUST be able to process the information for that property; a sender SHOULD provide the information for that property if it is available.
Optional property: a receiver MUST be able to process the information for that property; a sender MAY provide the information for that property but is not obliged to do so.
Deprecated property: a receiver SHOULD be able to process information about instances of that property; a sender SHOULD NOT provide the information about instances of that property.

Class	Class IRI	Property	Property IRI
Ad Delivery Technique	http://example.org/AdDeliveryTechnique	use ad delivery techniques	http://example.org/useAdDeliveryTechniques
Ad Delivery Technique	http://example.org/AdDeliveryTechnique	use of AI systems	http://example.org/useOfAISystems
Address	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#Address	address ID	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#addressId
Address	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#Address	administrative unit level 1	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#adminUnitL1
Address	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#Address	administrative unit level 2	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#adminUnitL2
Address	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#Address	full address	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#fullAddress
Address	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#Address	locator name	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#locatorName
Address	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#Address	post code	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#postCode
Address	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#Address	post name	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#postName
Address	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#Address	thoroughfare	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#thoroughfare
Agent	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent	address	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#address
Agent	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent	has email	http://data.europa.eu/m8g/email
Agent	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent	identifier	http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#identifier
Agent	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent	is controlled by	http://example.org/isControlledBy
Agent	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent	registered address	http://data.europa.eu/m8g/registeredAddress
Agent	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent	type	http://purl.org/dc/terms/type
Election Event	http://example.org/ElectionEvent	administrative unit level 2	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#adminUnitL2
Election Event	http://example.org/ElectionEvent	country	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#adminUnitL1
Election Event	http://example.org/ElectionEvent	political level	http://example.org/politicalLevel
Engagement	http://example.org/Engagement	engagement metric	http://example.org/engagementMetric
Engagement	http://example.org/Engagement	number of comments	http://example.org/numberOfComments
Engagement	http://example.org/Engagement	number of likes	http://example.org/numberOfLikes
Engagement	http://example.org/Engagement	number of views	http://example.org/numberOfViews
Funding	http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/Funding	calculation methodology	http://example.org/calculationMethodology
Funding	http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/Funding	has paying entity	http://example.org/hasPayingEntity
Funding	http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/Funding	has political advertisement	http://example.org/hasPoliticalAdvertisement
Funding	http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/Funding	origin	http://example.org/fundingOrigin
Funding	http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/Funding	source	http://example.org/source
Funding	http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/Funding	total amount	http://example.org/totalAmount
Funding	http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/Funding	type	http://purl.org/dc/terms/type
Identifier	http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#Identifier	notation	http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation
Image Object	http://data.europa.eu/m8g/ImageObject
Initiative	http://example.org/Initiative	administrative unit level 2	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#adminUnitL2
Initiative	http://example.org/Initiative	country	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#adminUnitL1
Initiative	http://example.org/Initiative	other level	http://example.org/otherLevel
Initiative	http://example.org/Initiative	political level	http://example.org/politicalLevel
Initiative	http://example.org/Initiative	title	http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
Initiative	http://example.org/Initiative	type	http://purl.org/dc/terms/type
Legal Entity	http://www.w3.org/ns/legal#LegalEntity	alternative name	http://purl.org/dc/terms/alternative
Legal Entity	http://www.w3.org/ns/legal#LegalEntity	legal name	http://www.w3.org/ns/legal#legalName
Monetary Value	http://data.europa.eu/a4g/ontology#MonetaryValue	has amount value	http://data.europa.eu/a4g/ontology#hasAmountValue
Monetary Value	http://data.europa.eu/a4g/ontology#MonetaryValue	has currency	http://data.europa.eu/a4g/ontology#hasCurrency
Person	http://www.w3.org/ns/person#Person	family name	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName
Person	http://www.w3.org/ns/person#Person	given name	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	date created	http://purl.org/dc/terms/created
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	description	http://purl.org/dc/terms/description
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	has beginning	http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#startDate
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	has election	http://example.org/hasElection
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	has end	http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#endDate
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	has initiative	http://example.org/hasInitiative
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	has previous version	http://example.org/hasPreviousVersion
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	has sponsor	http://example.org/hasSponsor
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	has technique	http://example.org/hasTechnique
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	homepage	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	identifier	http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	intended end publication date	http://example.org/intendedEndPublicationDate
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	intended start publication date	http://example.org/intendedStartPublicationDate
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	is funded by	http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/isFundedBy
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	language	http://purl.org/dc/terms/language
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	logo	http://data.europa.eu/m8g/logo
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	modified	http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	non-compliance mechanism information	http://example.org/nonComplianceMechanismInformation
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	other identifier	http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#identifier
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	status	http://example.org/status
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	subject	http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	title	http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
Political Advertisement	http://example.org/PoliticalAdvertisement	type	http://purl.org/dc/terms/type
Public Event	http://data.europa.eu/m8g/PublicEvent	event type	http://purl.org/dc/terms/type
Public Event	http://data.europa.eu/m8g/PublicEvent	has time	http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasTime
Public Event	http://data.europa.eu/m8g/PublicEvent	homepage	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage
Public Event	http://data.europa.eu/m8g/PublicEvent	title	http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
Targeting Technique	http://example.org/TargetingTechnique	targeting goals	http://example.org/targetingGoals
Targeting Technique	http://example.org/TargetingTechnique	targeting parameters	http://example.org/targetingParameters
Targeting Technique	http://example.org/TargetingTechnique	use targeting techniques	http://example.org/useTargetingTechniques
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	audience	http://purl.org/dc/terms/audience
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	consent notice	http://example.org/consentNotice
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	has beginning	http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#startDate
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	has controlling entity	http://example.org/hasControllingEntity
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	has end	http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#endDate
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	has engagement	http://example.org/hasEngagement
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	has personal data	https://w3id.org/dpv#hasPersonalData
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	has policy	https://w3id.org/dpv#hasPolicy
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	link to GDPR Information	http://example.org/linkToGDPRInformation
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	other relevant information	http://example.org/otherRelevantInformation
Technique	http://example.org/Technique	user rights support URL	http://example.org/userRightsSupportUrl
Transparency Notice	http://example.org/TransparencyNotice	format	http://purl.org/dc/terms/format
Transparency Notice	http://example.org/TransparencyNotice	has funding	http://example.org/hasFunding
Transparency Notice	http://example.org/TransparencyNotice	identifier	http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier
Transparency Notice	http://example.org/TransparencyNotice	language	http://purl.org/dc/terms/language
Transparency Notice	http://example.org/TransparencyNotice	modified	http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
Transparency Notice	http://example.org/TransparencyNotice	notification mechanism	http://example.org/notificationMechanism
Transparency Notice	http://example.org/TransparencyNotice	retention deadline	http://example.org/retentionDeadline
Transparency Notice	http://example.org/TransparencyNotice	see also	http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso
Transparency Notice	http://example.org/TransparencyNotice	title	http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

Abstract

Introduction

Status

License

Conformance